How bacteria grow in Anaerobic environment?

Bacteria that grow in Oxygen deficit condition:

Scientists have uncovered a mechanism by which bacterial cells in crowded, anaerobic environment access oxygen for energy generation which ensures survival of the cell. The finding could clarify how a few microscopic organisms, for example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can flourish in oxygen-poor conditions like biofilms and resist antibiotics. P. aeruginosa biofilm diseases are a main source of death for individuals suffering from cystic fibrosis, a hereditary condition that affects the lungs and the digestive system.

Microscopic organisms rarely live by themselves as single-celled organisms. Most rather develop in networks, utilizing the strength of numbers to form a biofilm with tissue-like properties similar to a scaffold that serves to strengthen the community , making it up to 1,000 times more resistant to most antibiotics.

Every individual cell should without anyone else extract electrons from food that are then transported along the cell's membrane until they reach point that they an oxygen atom. The energy releases during this metabolic process is used to sustain life.Research has demonstrated that a few microscopic organisms, including P. aeruginosa, have evolved different strategies to respond to and cope with low-oxygen conditions in biofilms. Networks of microbes can, for instance, change the general structure of the biofilm with the goal that its surface zone to-volume ratio  is higher and a larger proportion of the cells inside can get to the oxygen on the outside. P. aeruginosa produces chemical substances called phenazines, which carries electrons from inside to the outside of the cell and eventually to oxygen available at a distance.

Another system is to make alternative versions of terminal oxidases, enzymes in the layer that exchange electrons to oxygen, which utilize oxygen more productively or are better at scavenging oxygen when its concentration is low. While there have been various researches done to examine the importance of these enzymes and srategies for P. aeruginosa development, they have largely been conducted  in well-oxygenated liquid cultures in the lab. P. aeruginosa contaminates  human and develops as a biofilm and encounters vastly extraordinary conditions.

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